BOOKMARKS

Dashes

Character Keyboard Shortcuts

HTML Name Code	HTML Number Code	Glyph	MacOS	Windows	Description
‘	‘	‘	option+]	Alt+0145	left single quote
’	’	’	shift+option+]	Alt+0146	right single quote
&sbquo;	‚	‚			single low-9 quote
“	“	“	option+[	Alt+0147	left double quote
”	”	”	shift+option+[	Alt+0148	right double quote
&bdquo;	„	„	shift+option+w		double low-9 quote
&dagger;	†	†	option+t	Alt+0134	dagger
&Dagger;	‡	‡	shift+option+7	Alt+0135	double dagger
	…	…	option+;		horizontal ellipsis
&permil;	‰	‰	shift+option+r	Alt+0137	per mill sign
&lsaquo;	‹	‹	shift+option+3	Alt+0139	single left-pointing angle quote
&rsaquo;	›	›	shift+option+4	Alt+0155	single right-pointing angle quote
&spades;	♠	♠			black spade suit
&clubs;	♣	♣			black club suit
&hearts;	♥	♥			black heart suit
&diams;	♦	♦			black diamond suit
&oline;	‾	‾			overline, = spacing overscore
←	←	←			leftward arrow
↑	↑	↑			upward arrow
→	→	→			rightward arrow
↓	↓	↓			downward arrow
™	™	™	option+2	Alt+0153	trademark sign
"	"	"			double quotation mark
&	&	&			ampersand
<	<	<			less-than sign
>	>	>			greater-than sign
	[	[			left square bracket
	]	]			right square bracket
–		–	option+hyphen	Alt+0150	en dash
—		—	shift+option+hyphen	Alt+0151	em dash
				Alt+0160	nonbreaking space
¡	¡	¡	option+1	Alt+0161	inverted exclamation
¢	¢	¢	option+4	Alt+0162	cent sign
£	£	£	option+3	Alt+0163	pound sterling
¤	¤	¤		Alt+0164	general currency sign
¥	¥	¥	option+y	Alt+0165	yen sign
¦ or &brkbar;	¦	¦		Alt+0166	broken vertical bar
§	§	§	option+6	Alt+0167	section sign
¨ or &die;	¨	¨	shift+option+u	Alt+0168	umlaut
©	©	©	option+g	Alt+0169	copyright
ª	ª	ª	option+9	Alt+0170	feminine ordinal
«	«	«	option+\	Alt+0171	left angle quote
¬	¬	¬	option+l	Alt+0172	not sign
(works?)	(works?)	no HTML		Alt+0173	soft hyphen
®	®	®	option+r	Alt+0174	registered trademark
¯ or &hibar;	¯	¯		Alt+0175	macron accent
°	°	°	shift+option+8	Alt+0176	degree sign
±	±	±	shift+option+=	Alt+0177	plus or minus
²	²	²		Alt+0178	superscript two
³	³	³		Alt+0179	superscript three
´	´	´	shift+option+e	Alt+0180	acute accent
µ	µ	µ	option+m	Alt+0181	micro sign
¶	¶	¶	option+7	Alt+0182	paragraph sign
·	·	·	shift+option+9	Alt+0183	middle dot
¸	¸	¸	shift+option+z	Alt+0184	cedilla
¹	¹	¹		Alt+0185	superscript one
º	º	º	option+0	Alt+0186	masculine ordinal
»	»	»	shift+option+\	Alt+0187	right angle quote
¼	¼	¼		Alt+0188	one-fourth
½	½	½		Alt+0189	one-half
¾	¾	¾		Alt+0190	three-fourths
¿	¿	¿	shift+option+?	Alt+0191	inverted question mark
À	À	À	option+` A	Alt+0192	uppercase A, grave accent
Á	Á	Á	option+e A	Alt+0193	uppercase A, acute accent
Â	Â	Â	option+i A	Alt+0194	uppercase A, circumflex accent
Ã	Ã	Ã	option+n A	Alt+0195	uppercase A, tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	option+u A	Alt+0196	uppercase A, umlaut
Å	Å	Å	shift+option+a	Alt+0197	uppercase A, ring
Æ	Æ	Æ	shift+option+'	Alt+0198	uppercase AE
Ç	Ç	Ç	shift+option+c	Alt+0199	uppercase C, cedilla
È	È	È	option+` E	Alt+0200	uppercase E, grave accent
É	É	É	option+e E	Alt+0201	uppercase E, acute accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	option+i E	Alt+0202	uppercase E, circumflex accent
Ë	Ë	Ë	option+u E	Alt+0203	uppercase E, umlaut
Ì	Ì	Ì	option+` I	Alt+0204	uppercase I, grave accent
Í	Í	Í	option+e I	Alt+0205	uppercase I, acute accent
Î	Î	Î	option+i I	Alt+0206	uppercase I, circumflex accent
Ï (work?)	Ï(work?)	No HTML	option+u I	Alt+0207	uppercase I, umlaut
Ð	Ð	Ð		Alt+0208	uppercase Eth, Icelandic
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	option+n N	Alt+0209	uppercase N, tilde
Ò	Ò	Ò	option+` O	Alt+0210	uppercase O, grave accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	option+e O	Alt+0211	uppercase O, acute accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	option+i O	Alt+0212	uppercase O, circumflex accent
Õ	Õ	Õ	option+n O	Alt+0213	uppercase O, tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	option+u O	Alt+0214	uppercase O, umlaut
×	×	×		Alt+0215	multiplication sign
Ø	Ø	Ø	shift+option+o	Alt+0216	uppercase O, slash
Ù	Ù	Ù	option+` U	Alt+0217	uppercase U, grave accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	option+e U	Alt+0218	uppercase U, acute accent
Û	Û	Û	option+i U	Alt+0219	uppercase U, circumflex accent
Ü	Ü	Ü	option+u U	Alt+0220	uppercase U, umlaut
Ý	Ý	Ý		Alt+0221	uppercase Y, acute accent
Þ	Þ	Þ		Alt+0222	uppercase THORN, Icelandic
ß	ß	ß	option+s	Alt+0223	lowercase sharps, German
à	à	à	option+` a	Alt+0224	lowercase a, grave accent
á	á	á	option+e a	Alt+0225	lowercase a, acute accent
â	â	â	option+i a	Alt+0226	lowercase a, circumflex accent
ã	ã	ã	option+n a	Alt+0227	lowercase a, tilde
ä	ä	ä	option+u a	Alt+0228	lowercase a, umlaut
å	å	å	option+a	Alt+0229	lowercase a, ring
æ	æ	æ	option+'	Alt+0230	lowercase ae
ç	ç	ç	option+c	Alt+0231	lowercase c, cedilla
è	è	è	option+` e	Alt+0232	lowercase e, grave accent
é	é	é	option+e e	Alt+0233	lowercase e, acute accent
ê	ê	ê	option+i e	Alt+0234	lowercase e, circumflex accent
ë	ë	ë	option+u e	Alt+0235	lowercase e, umlaut
ì	ì	ì	option+` i	Alt+0236	lowercase i, grave accent
í	í	í	option+e i	Alt+0237	lowercase i, acute accent
î	î	î	option+i i	Alt+0238	lowercase i, circumflex accent
ï(works?)	ï(works?)	No HTML	option+u i	Alt+0239	lowercase i, umlaut
ð	ð	ð		Alt+0240	lowercase eth, Icelandic
ñ	ñ	ñ	option+n n	Alt+0241	lowercase n, tilde
ò	ò	ò	option+` o	Alt+0242	lowercase o, grave accent
ó	ó	ó	option+e o	Alt+0243	lowercase o, acute accent
ô	ô	ô	option+i o	Alt+0244	lowercase o, circumflex accent
õ	õ	õ	option+n o	Alt+0245	lowercase o, tilde
ö	ö	ö	option+u o	Alt+0246	lowercase o, umlaut
÷	÷	÷		Alt+0247	division sign
ø	ø	ø	option+o	Alt+0248	lowercase o, slash
ù	ù	ù	option+` u	Alt+0249	lowercase u, grave accent
ú	ú	ú	option+e u	Alt+0250	lowercase u, acute accent
û	û	û	option+i u	Alt+0251	lowercase u, circumflex accent
ü	ü	ü	option+u u	Alt+0252	lowercase u, umlaut
ý	ý	ý		Alt+0253	lowercase y, acute accent
þ	þ	þ		Alt+0254	lowercase thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	option+u y	Alt+0255	lowercase y, umlaut

Dashes

EN Dash

Half the size of an EM Dash

Usages:

Range of values: 3–5
Contrast values: Detroit beat Chicago 10–0
Illustrate Relationships: Dog–Cat relationship
Certain compound usage

EM Dash

Roughly the size of an "M." 1 em in a 16 point typeface is 16 points. (1 point = 1/72�inches = 25.4/72�mm = 0.3527�mm)

Usage:

BREAK IN THOUGHT. Where a period is too strong; In place of a colon; In place of parenthese.

SPACING = subjective